Voice Change এর নিয়ম
Voice কাকে বলে?
Voice হলো verb-এর গঠন যার দ্বারা subject নিজে কিছু করে বা অন্যের কাজ তার উপর এসে পড়ে তাকে বুঝায়।
Types of voice: Voice দু-প্রকার যথা:
Active Voice(কতৃবাচ্য)
Passive Voice(কর্মবাচ্য)
Active Voice:
যে বাক্যে কর্তা প্রধান থাকে তাকে Active Voice বলে।
I do the work (আমি কাজ টি করি).
Passive Voice:
যে বাক্যে কর্ম প্রধান থাকে তাকে Passive Voice বলে।
The work is done by me (কাজটি আমার দ্বারা করা হয়).
Subjective Case — Objective Case
I me
we us
you you
she her
he him
they them
it it
Object চিনিবার উপায়:
Rule-1. সাধারণত মূল verb এর পর object থাকে।
v + obj
The boys are playing football.
Rule-2. অনেক সময় active voice এ দুইটি object থাকে। সে ক্ষেএে উক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় প্রথম object টি অর্থাৎ ব্যক্তিবাচক object টিকে subject করাই শ্রেয়।
v + obj + obj
The principal teaches us English.
Ruke-3. অনেক সময় active voice এ দুটি object এর মধ্যে যে কোন একটির পূর্বে preposition থাকে সেটিকে object না ধরে অন্য তাকে object ধরা হয়।
He did for me the unnecessary things.
Change of Voice(বাচ্য পরিবর্তন):Tense অনুযায়ী:
Present Indefinite
Structure: Obj+am/is/are+v3+by+sub
Active Voice- They play football.
Passive Voice- Football is played by them.
Present Continuous
Structure: Obj+am/is/are+being +v3+by+sub
Active Voice- We are digging a canal.
Passive Voice- A canal is being dug by us.
Present Perfect
Structure: Obj+have/has+been+v3+by+sub
Active Voice- He has done the work.
Passive Voice- The work has been done by him.
Past Indefinite
Structure: Obj+was/were+v3+by+sub
Active Voice- He killed a bird.
Passive Voice- A bird was killed by him.
Past Continuous
Structure: Obj+was/were+being+v3+by+sub
Active Voice – They were flying kites.
Passive Voice – Kites were being flown by them.
Past Perfect
Structure: Obj+had+been+v3+by+sub
Active Voice – I had written the letter.
Passive Voice -The letter had been written by me.
Future Indefinite
Structure: Obj+will/shall+be+v3+by+sub
Active Voice – She will help me.
Passive Voice- I will be helped by her.
Future Continuous
Structure: Obj+will/shall+being+v3+by+sub
Active Voice – We shall be taking tea.
Passive Voice- Tea will be being taken by us.
Future Perfect
Structure: Obj+will/shall+have been +v3+sub+ext
Active Voice – Nasima will have done the work by 2 p.m.
Passive Voice The work will have been done by monju by 2 p.m.
Modal Verb অনুযায়ী:
May, might, can, could, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to ইত্যাদি যুক্ত Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় ইহাদরে পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল verbটির past participle বসে।
Active: I may help you.
Passive: You may be helped by me.
Active: We ought to obey our parents.
Passive: Our parents ought to be obeyed by us.
Active: We must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by us.
Sentence অনুযায়ী:
Imperative sentence:
শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম।
Structure: Let+obj টিকে sub করতে হবে+be+v3
Active: Shut the door.
Passive: Let the door be shut.
Active: Write the letter without any delay.
Passive: Let the letter be written without any delay.
Do not দিয়ে শুরু Imperative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়াম।
Structure: Let not + obj টিকে sub করতে হবে + be+ v3
Active: Do not hate the poor.
Passive: Let not the poor be hated.
Active: Do not play football at noon.
Passive: Let not football be played at noon.
Interrogative Sentence:
Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু sentence কে active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম।
Structure: auxi. verb+ obj কে sub + v3+ sub কে obj +?
Active: Have you eaten rice?
Passive: Has rice been eaten by you?
>Who যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম।
Structure: By whom + auxi.verb+ obj কে sub+tense অনুযায়ী be/being/been+v3+?
Active: Who is calling me?
Passive: By whom am i being called?
>Whom যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম।
Structure: Who+auxi.verb+v3+ by+sub কে obj +?
Active: Whom did you see on the road?Passive: Who was seen by you on the road?
>What যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম।
Structure: What+auxi.verb+v3+by+sub কে obj +?
Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?
